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    Humanities Journal Essay 2
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    \x0a Creation myths are among the most intriguing sources from the ancient world. However, for centuries scholars dismissed them as fanciful attempts to explain the origins of physical world in the absence of scientific data.  More recently scholars have come to realize that these are not simply failed attempts at science.  Many scholars now assert that it was never to goal of the originators of these stories to “explain” how things came to be. Indeed such questions would have held little interest for them.  Rather, the intent was to explore the human condition.  What is the nature of God/the gods?  How do we relate to God/the gods?  Why is life the way it is?  Why are we the way we are?

    The creation of the world as the Babylonians knew it, started as a very violent affair. Murder followed by a vengeful war led up to the creation of an all ruling, all powerful god king of the universe. Who then created the Earth and Sky.

    The exact nature of the gods is seen as different aspects of nature. Some are of earth, air, fire and water. They not only control the element but are the element itself. Each deity, with their own distinct personality, interacting with the other, working together to create a world which is not always harmonious.

    Out of this violent beginning, humans were created with the blood of a god. The god, Kingu, was put to death (after some sort of trial) for instigating the war. So out of death, life was created, which is a cycle we see in nature every day.

    Perhaps the violent nature of humans has a direct correlation with said origins. Being created out the blood of the guilty may have transferred some of that guilt into humanity, thus creating… a… not always peaceful species.

    Suppose all of this, according to the Babylonians, is the reason why the world works the way it does. A violent end, which created a new beginning that, is not unlike the origins. Perhaps, in a way, humans are a less powerful version of the gods. Weakened by death but given their own strength of free will.

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    Humanities Journal Essay 1
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    Law codes preserve commonly held values about proper social and political relationships. What can you learn about Mesopotamian society in the time of Hammurabi by a careful reading of the Code of Hammurabi?

     
               The society in the time of Hammurabi was a fairly rough one. The laws designate either death or mutilation and the occasional monetary fee for a crime committed. In most cases, the laws are based on “eye for an eye” which is where the saying comes from. If someone puts out the eye of someone, then they shall have their eye removed, provided they are of equal ranking. This is a rough sense of justice and a brutal sense of fairness.

    The reason for most of the strict laws was most likely due to the environment. Everyone had to work together otherwise their world would fall apart. Laws regarding crops and steeling as well as living conditions (housing etc) were really harsh due to the difficulty of farming and the maintenance of housing.

    The kingdom did not have as many laws as we do today but the simplistic approach to a strict fairness must have worked for them. It is understandable that having harsh living conditions would require harsher laws to live by to deter and anti-social behavior to ensure a better life for everyone.

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